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Gulf of aqaba port map3/23/2023 ![]() Isolated oases punctuate the Arabian Desert places with patches of vegetation surrounded by vast arid areas of land, where enough freshwater enables people for some agriculture. The Arabian Peninsula is the original home of the Bedouin, pastoral nomadic tribes known as the "desert dwellers," they were herding dromedary camels and goats. In the romanticized view of the Western World, Arabia is part of the Orient, the land of the Bedouins with caravans crossing the mighty hot desert, the scene of the stories from Thousand and One Nights, the land of Sultans with immense riches living in magnificent palaces and have enormous Harems at their disposal.Īrabia is the homeland of Arab Bedouins and the Arabian language, the historic birthplace of Islam and the Arab-Islamic culture which originated in the towns of Mecca and Medina at the beginning of the 7th-Century. The peninsula was successively but always only partially conquered by the Romans, the Portuguese, the Ottoman Empire, and the British. The tribal confederacy and its allies ruled for several centuries a combined territory that extended past Riyadh. The southern portion in the southwest (Yemen) was the realm of the Kingdom of Saba (Sheba) and the Ḥimyar Kingdom (110 BC–520s CE) with its urban center at Zafar and later at Sana'a. Since ancient times, people, goods, wealth, and ideas have flowed across the region.įrom around 525 BC until 400 BC the northern portion of the peninsula was part of the Persian Empire (Achaemenid Empire). The region was the cradle of the Assyrian, Sumerian, and Babylonian civilizations, the site of the first literate urban civilizations. The western portion of the Fertile Crescent is historically known as the Levant the eastern part as Mesopotamia which encompasses the valleys of the Euphrates and Tigris river system. The Fertile Crescent, a semicircular area of fertile soil, spanning from Upper Egypt along the coast of the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf, forming a bridge between Northern Africa and Western Asia. The peninsula is bounded in the north by a region known as Emerging climate records indicate that the peninsula was wetter many times in the past, suggesting that the region may have been inhabited considerably more than thought until now. It seems as if the Arabian Peninsula was a significant stage in the story of human migration out of Africa during the Late Pleistocene. Geologic movements caused the entire mass to tilt eastward and the western and southern edges to tilt upward, forming the Hejaz mountains in the west and the western and the eastern highlands in Yemen. The peninsula is more or less the surface area of the not very much larger Arabian continental plate, which was some 25 million years ago, part of the African Plate. The southern part of the peninsula is bounded by the Gulf of Aden in the southwest and the Gulf of Oman, and the Arabian Sea (Indian Ocean) in the southeast. Arabia or the Arabian Peninsula is a peninsula in Southwest Asia, northeast of Africa between the Red Sea in the west and the Persian Gulf in the east.
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